Motivational Strategic Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the Motivational Strategic Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction Every organization adheres to a set of rules that determine their values and organization structure. The significance of the human resource practices have been accepted by many entrepreneurs and CEO of large-scale enterprises. It comprises of the importance of hiring the best resource in terms of work force. Human Resource Management has been regarded as one of the most important criteria that help in analyzing the resources and the objectives of the concern. A number of theories and models have developed over time, and every organization follows some standard practices that have an impact on its operations. The two theories that have been adopted for the comparative analysis are the Maslow Theory and the Mc Gregory Theory. These are considered as two of the most important elements for the Human Resource Management. Maslow Theory: According to the studies and research that have developed through the theory of the Maslow Theory have been introduced and implemented in the A Theory of Human Motivation development. In the words of Maslow, The integrated wholeness of the organism must be one of the foundation stones of motivation theory have helped in developing and improvising the strategies of the human resource department (Maslow, 2013). It has a psychological aspect attached to the theories that help in deciding and incorporating the projections in the development of the practices. Terms such a self actualization is the important determinant of the theories that have been developed by the eminent scholar called A.H. Maslow. The concept involves the collaboration of human needs and the motivational system. This eventually affects the approaches and the willingness of the employees if applied within the policies of the human resource management. The theory stated the five factors or psychological n eeds that are: Self-actualization: The ultimate meaning of self-actualization is the personal fulfillment quota. This is the involvement of a number of personality skill and development programs, matching up to the potential requirement criteria for an individual. The appropriate strategies of human resource management can be resourcefully used through this medium in this important phenomenon. The main reason is the need for self-actualization simultaneously makes one individual more self-aware and enhances their personality development techniques in terms of pure human motivations. Esteem: Esteem or self-respect means the feeding of the personal ego by the ultimate count of recognition and approval is one of the important aspects of this theory. (Montano Kasprzyk, 2015). This is the ratification and the acceptance from other social animals because which being do not like compliment or do not like to feel like belonging to a positions of being upper hand than the rest of the individuals. The esteem motivation process has a consequential impact on the prestige, self-control and the acquired status of individual. The concepts of superiority compiles emerge from this kind of mechanism. Love/ Belongingness: This factor is again very overlapping in nature with the other essential needs of humanity. According to the opinions of many scholars, Man is a social being who always has to satisfy his needs for attaining love and attachment with another social beings (Lawter, Kopelman, Prottas, 2015) . Therefore, this motivation is in regards to the human emotion, which can be motivated through aspects like concern, affection, care and belongingness, love etc. The expectation to be a well-loved individual among the peers is one of the key determinants of this need. Friendship and close associations are the agents for integrating this need. Safety / Security: This need is very relative to the self-actualization needs because, if one individual were denied the minimal amount of social security, it would be unjustified of him to prove his social image or social consciousness (Lawter, Kopelman, Prottas, 2015). This aspect is indeed a necessary aspect because of the assurance and longevity purpose of an individual therefore from these arise the need to confirm and ensure the personal factors of sustenance. Moreover, the motivation in this scenario mainly entails the criteria of financial security, personal security of being content with own self-accommodation and supply of food security. Psychological: It is regarded as one of the significant factors and needs of the human beings. It is essential and inevitable in nature because the significance of shelter, clothing, food, personal motivations etc can never be denied. Therefore, the psychological needs are in accordance with the behavior and attitude of human nature that invariably depends on the state of this nature. In fact, the personality development of an individual is based on this psychology as the minute functions and grows along with these essential proportions of mental and physical satisfaction. McGregor Theory In his, account of the Human Side of Enterprise McGregor made propositions to a theory, which involved two elements. The two mnemonics designed for this purpose is X or the existing negative culture, and the Y theory or the positive implication. The two devices that have been used to appropriate the tendencies and working culture practices. The involvement is necessary for the comprehension of the suitable method to be used for the selected organization. According to Jiang, Lepak Baer, X theory and Y theory are contrasting in nature which states the conception of the two theories (Jiang, Lepak, Baer, 2012) . Theory X refers to the hostile working culture practices that degrade the relationship between the employee and the employer. The workforce are not satisfied with the work as well as the management is not at all concerned with the ideologies of good practices and organizational effectiveness. On the other hand, Theory Y is defined as the most feasible working operations and pra ctices that can be employed in the organization, which enhances the organizational, and employee effectiveness. The responsibility and the mode of decentralization are apparently much better than the one followed in the case of the X theory. The comparisons between the two theories are: The need for five different types of human motivation can be classified and arranged in a series of hierarchical functions, which can be resourcefully used for further development process but in case of the X-Y theory, it is not segmented or arranged in only two different ways. The effect or the dominance of the different sets of the hierarchical structure essentially helps in determining and judging its importance. The five segments are inherently independent on each other, but in a scenario of the X and Y theory, there are two presences of two extremes only. The aspects of the Maslow theory are much more varied and extensive in nature, but on the other hand, the McGregor theory states that there are only two conditions, which determines the hypothesis that has been formed along with it. Best fit and best practice model The two models for the comparison of the suitable practices of strategic human resource management are the best fit and the best practice model. There are two different kinds of organizational fit, one is synchronic and the other is pragmatic in relation to the business functions. The best-fit and best practice model is central to the basics of appropriate strategic human resource management. Best fit: In the words of Caroll, the best fit framework synthesis method offered a means to test, reinforce and build on an existing published model conceived for a potentially different but relevant population (Wery Thomson, 2013) . The concept of a best-fit model is pragmatic in nature. The transparent process is developed along the lines of the practices of which enhance the performances of the employees. The theory represents and involves the needs that arise in the scenario due to the motivational factor. The infrastructure of the HRM practice and its congruency with the business operations is the decorum followed by the best model. In the words of many scholars, the definition of the best fit: The pattern of planned human resource deployments and activities intended to enable the firm to achieve its goal, (Wright Mcmahan). The notion of best-fit model is involved in some kind of alignment with the reward systems and competitive comprehension. Best practice: The best practice models hold the conception that has developed over the urgent needs of the organization by virtues of the people and the humanistic values. In fact, in these models the human resource management entails practices that of investing in the best human resource and allocates them the value, which is equal to the effort. This model observes the increasing skill and empowerment capacities in terms of high performance evaluation. The commitment and values of cooperation are transferable in the best practice model framework. The theories have been developed for the implementation and incorporation across many organizations. Amidst all theories, the concrete theory, which will suit with the best type of the best practice model, will be adapted. Therefore, as the assumptions are pluralists in nature the best practice is a recommended one. The procedures of best practice model have implications that are followed in the results. It is a more feasible and comfortable method and the implications are comparatively positive. The suitable application of one theory and one model As a manager of ABC enterprise, I feel that the application of the Maslow Theory will be beneficial for the organizational effectiveness. The importance of the best practice model is highly appreciated in the organizational structure and policies that are adopted by several managers. The incorporation of the best practice model in the enterprise will be enhanced in my organization, which will improve the quality and increase the wok productivity. The application of the suitable model for my organization will be embedded in the work culture itself, which will easily be accepted, by the different departments and executives of my organization. Justification of the appropriate Strategic- HRM for my organization The organizational and operative practices that are being employed in my organization will aid in the better analysis of the business model that is followed in my organization. I regard that the operative advantages of following a routine analysis of the motivational programs provide an extensive approach in looking after a number of elements that often is not often looked in the employee effectiveness criteria. There have been a number of research practices and academic references that have been incurred while referring to the Motivational theory. As a manger, I will comply with the best resultant options that will have a macrocosmic approach to the technical as well as humanistic agents of my enterprise. The research observation that has been inferred from the journal, The effective human resource management system in transitional China: a hybrid of commitment and control practices, states the improvement in the scenario of the organizational decorum after it has been applied (Chung, Sparrow, Bozkurt, 2014) . Moreover the two experiments that have been conducted on the two organizations, in China where the overview of following these practices have turned out to be effective, have also observed many other opportunity areas and maximization of both the production as well as the structures of the human resourcing management. In the words opined by DJ, which is an observation of Turner and Fern, which established the adaptation to the systematic culture help in adapting to a number of organizational amendments. In the words of David, the collaborative methods of the following structure can help in coordinating with human as well as the mechanical factors, through sui generis or the str ategic acts (Teece, 2012). The fact that the Motivational Theory, which is derived by Maslow, interacts and responds directly to the humans in the courses of their activity determines the impact of it. In the words of Gouveia the recognition of the value function that can be used in the strategic human resource management can be used only because it recognizes the cognitive needs of an individual (Mohamed Nor, 2013) . An existential humanistic approach has been applied while deciding on the experiential utility of the best practice model along with the humane conditions that have apparently submitted to the requirements of the success of the concerned organization. I need to ensure all the factors that undermine my stake as well as business maneuver because ABC Enterprise follows a participatory leadership phenomenon, which can be influenced, only by following the theory of Maslow. The appropriate policies of this model are required for increasing and enhancing the employee retention capacity and achieving the success of organization efficacy. Reference Chung, C., Sparrow, P., Bozkurt, . (2014). South Korean MNEs international HRM approach: Hybridization of global standards and local practices. . Journal of World Business, 549-559. Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. . Academy of management Journal, 1264-1294. Lawter, L., Kopelman, R. E., Prottas, D. J. (2015). McGregor's Theory X/Y and Job Performance: A Multilevel, Multi-source Analysis. Journal of Managerial Issues, 1-4. Maslow, A. H. (2013). A theory of human motivation. Mohamed, R. K., Nor, C. S. (2013). The relationship between McGregor's XY theory management style and fulfillment of psychological contract: A literature review. . International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. Montano, D. E., Kasprzyk, D. (2015). Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model. Health behavior: Theory, research and practice . Teece, D. J. (2012). Dynamic Capabilities: Routines versus Entrepreneurial Action. Journal of Management Studies, 1395-1401. Wery, J., Thomson, M. M. (2013). Motivational strategies to enhance effective learning in teaching struggling students. 103-108.

International Success and Failures of Canada Goose Inc

International success Global demand for the company’s products is increasing every day. Product research on Canada Goose Inc has proven that market awareness in countries with similar weather conditions is increasing in due time. Most of the countries in Europe and especially in Eastern Europe have similar weather conditions like Canada.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on International Success and Failures of Canada Goose Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, customers in countries like Russia and the Scandinavian are now conversant with Canada Goose Inc products. Canada Goose Inc products popularity is now felt in the film industries, where the company’s cold costumes are preferred during filming in cold areas. The fact that the company’s retail business has expanded in more than 40 countries across Europe with headquarters in Sweden is encouraging (Lorinc, 2012). The re cent trade engagement between Canada and international trading associations has been critical for the Canada Goose Inc international success. The recent agreement between Canada and the European Free Trade association (EFTA) is an example of how the company is succeeding in international markets. The trade agreement between Canada and the trading association has seen the company perform incredibly well in Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. Low-cost products from the company are now distributed and sold in Asia and the United States. International failures Cultural differences across potential market regions have resulted to the failure of Canada Goose Inc in foreign markets. From this perspective, the company has been unable to establish a universal brand image that reflects a common organization values. Canada Goose Inc has totally failed in enacting copyright laws that prevent piracy and counterfeiting of products (Bitti, 2011). Canada Goose Inc has suffered immensely from this inte rnational problem especially in Asia and in the United States. Moreover, the company continues to suffer from lost sales derived from fake products made by foreign Asian companies. There are concerns that the company has failed in its international mandate of observing animal rights as mandated by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). For example, the company has resolved to use coyote fur in manufacturing expensive products.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The failure of Japanese parkas products is associated with infringement of counterfeit products in the market. Consequently, the distribution network in Japan underperformed in a volatile and competitive market. In recent years, the Japanese market has been flooded by products of similar design with original Canada Goose Inc products (Kopun, 2013). Trademark infringement is not only common in Japan, but also in other European markets. The failure to maintain rising demand for Canada Goose Inc products has resulted to compromising of the products quality. This can be evidenced by the increasing cases of counterfeit products in the market. The company has also failed to maintain its market as evidenced by frequent out-of stock products. Canada Goose Inc is losing its market for lack of strategic internet usage. By not utilizing technology in an era that heavily depends on internet for information, the company continues to use conventional methods in battling counterfeits (Wells, 2011). Moreover, copyright laws differ between countries making it difficult for the company to prevent product faking. Another international failure for Canada Goose Inc is its expanded product line for other seasons. This means that the company is now risking venturing in foreign markets in America, Asia and Europe. This attracts stiff competition from other renowned brands and may risk the company int o financial debts. Canada Goose Inc has failed by under-investing, in business communication, in markets with stiff competition. References Bitti, M., T. (2011, July 19). Canada goose takes on counterfeiters. Financial Post, 1A. Kopun, F. (2013). Canada goose sues Sears over parka design. Web.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on International Success and Failures of Canada Goose Inc specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lorinc, J. (2012). The golden goose. Web. Wells, W. (2011, November 7). Canada goose anti-counterfeiting strategy key to protecting brand. Financial Post, 1A. This research paper on International Success and Failures of Canada Goose Inc was written and submitted by user Elisha Foster to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition and Examples of Dialect in Linguistics

Definition and Examples of Dialect in Linguistics A dialect is a regional or social variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, and/or vocabulary. Adjective: dialectal. The term dialect is often used to characterize a way of speaking that differs from the standard variety of the language. Nonetheless, as David Crystal explains below, Everyone speaks a dialect. The scientific study of dialects is known as dialectology, commonly regarded as a subfield of sociolinguistics. Dialect comes from the Greek, speech. Example of Dialect A dialect is a variety of English which is associated with a particular region and/or social class. To state the obvious, speakers from different geographical regions speak English rather differently: hence we refer to Geordie (Newcastle English), New York English or Cornish English.  In addition to geographical variation, the social background of a speaker will also influence the variety of English that person speaks: two children may grow up in the same Yorkshire village, but if one is born into a wealthy family and attends an expensive private school, while the other is born into a less well-off family and attends the local state school, the two are likely to end up speaking rather different varieties of English. It is this combination of regional and social variation that I refer to collectively as dialect. (Jane Hodson,  Dialect in Film and Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014) Differences Between a Language and a Dialect The very fact that language and dialect persist as separate concepts implies that  linguists  can make tidy distinctions for speech varieties worldwide. But in fact, there is no objective difference between the two: Any attempt you make to impose that kind of order on reality falls apart in the face of real evidence... English tempts one with a tidy dialect-language distinction based on intelligibility: If you can understand it without training, it’s a dialect of your own language; if you can’t, it’s a different language.  But because of quirks of its history, English happens to lack very close relatives, and the intelligibility standard doesn’t apply consistently beyond it... In popular usage, a language is written in addition to being spoken, while a dialect is just spoken. But in the scientific sense, the world is buzzing with a cacophony of qualitatively equal dialects, often shading into one another like colors (and often mixing, too), all demon strating how magnificently complicated human speech can be. If either the terms language or dialect have any objective use, the best anyone can do is to say that there is no such thing as a language: Dialects are all there is. (John McWhorter, What’s a Language, Anyway?  The Atlantic, January 2016) On Dialects It is sometimes thought that only a few people speak regional dialects. Many restrict the term to rural forms of speechas when they say that dialects are dying out these days. But dialects are not dying out. Country dialects are not as widespread as they once were, indeed, but urban dialects are now on the increase, as cities grow and large numbers of immigrants take up residence... Some people think of dialects as sub-standard varieties of a language, spoken only by low-status groupsillustrated by such comments as He speaks correct English, without a trace of dialect. Comments of this kind fail to recognize that standard English is as much a dialect as any other varietythough a dialect of a rather special kind because it is one to which society has given extra prestige. Everyone speaks a dialect- whether urban or rural, standard or non-standard, upper class or lower class. (David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook, 2006) On Regional and Social Dialects The classic example of a dialect is the regional dialect: the distinct form of a language spoken in a certain geographical area. For example, we might speak of Ozark dialects or Appalachian dialects, on the grounds that inhabitants of these regions have certain distinct linguistic features that differentiate them from speakers of other forms of English. We can also speak of a social dialect: the distinct form of a language spoken by members of a specific socioeconomic class, such as the working-class dialects in England. (A. Akmajian, Linguistics. MIT Press, 2001) Differences Between a Dialect and an Accent Accents have to be distinguished from dialects. An accent is a persons distinctive pronunciation. A dialect is a much broader notion: it refers to the distinctive vocabulary and grammar of someones use of language. If you say eether and I say iyther, thats accent. We use the same word but pronounce it differently. But if you say Ive got a new dustbin and I say Ive gotten a new garbage can, thats dialect. Were using different word and sentence patterns to talk about the same thing. (Ben Crystal and David Crystal, You Say Potato: A Book About Accents. Macmillan, 2014) On Prestige Dialects in New York City In the earlier history of New York City, New England influence and New England immigration preceded the influx of Europeans. The prestige dialect which is reflected in the speech of cultivated Atlas informants shows heavy borrowings from eastern New England.  There has been a long-standing tendency for New Yorkers to borrow prestige dialects from other regions, rather than develop a prestige dialect of their own. In the current situation, we see that the New England influence has retreated, and in its place, a new prestige dialect has been borrowed from northern and midwestern speech patterns. We have seen that for most of our informants, the effort to escape identification as a New Yorker by ones own speech provides a motivating force for phonological shifts and changes. (William Labov, The Social Stratification of English in New York City, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2006 On Dialect in Writing Do not attempt to use dialect [when writing] unless you are a devoted student of the tongue you hope to reproduce. If you use dialect, be consistent... The best dialect writers, by and large, are economical of their talents, they use the minimum, not the maximum, of deviation from the norm, thus sparing the reader as well as convincing him. (William Strunk, Jr. and E.B. White, The Elements of Style, 3rd ed. Macmillan, 1979)

Meanings, Examples and Observations of the Word Lexicon

Meanings, Examples and Observations of the Word Lexicon A lexicon is the collection of words- or the internalized dictionary- that every speaker of a  language has. It is also called lexis. Lexicon may also refer to a  stock of terms used in a particular profession, subject or style. The word itself is the Anglicized version of the Greek word lexis (which means word in Greek). It basically means dictionary. Lexicology describes the study of lexis and lexicon. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: JargonLanguage AcquisitionLexemeLexical CompetenceLexical DiffusionLexical-Functional Grammar (LFG)Lexical IntegrityLexicalizationLexical SetLexicogrammarLexicographerLexicographicolatryLexicograpyLexicologyLexisListemeMental LexiconMorphologyVocabularyVocabulary Acquisition Examples and Observations The lexicon of soccer (called football outside of the United States) includes terms such as linesman, friendly match, yellow card, penalty shootout, pitch, result, and draw.The lexicon of a stock trader includes terms such as delayed quotes, futures contract, limit order, margin account, short selling, stop order, trend line and watch list. Words by the Numbers [T]here are currently about 600,000 words in the English language, with educated adults using about 2,000 words in daily conversation. For the 500 most-frequently used words, there are some 14,000 dictionary meanings. (Wallace V. Schmidt, et al., Communicating Globally. Sage, 2007)  The English lexicon grew by 70 percent from 1950 to 2000, with roughly 8,500 new words entering the language each year. Dictionaries dont reflect a lot of those words. (Marc Parry, Scholars Elicit a Cultural Genome From 5.2 Million Google-Digitized Books. The Chronicle of Higher Education. December 16, 2010) Myths of Word Learning If you attend a class on language acquisition, or read any good introductory chapter on the subject, you are likely to learn the following facts about word learning. Childrens first words are odd; they have funny meanings that violate certain semantic principles that hold for adult language and are learned in a slow and haphazard way. Then, at about 16 months, or after learning about fifty words, there is a sudden acceleration in the rate of word learning- a word spurt or vocabulary explosion. From this point on, children learn words at the rate of five, ten, or even fifteen new words a day. I will suggest here that none of these claims are true. They are myths of word learning. There is no reason to believe that childrens first words are learned and understood in an immature fashion- and there is considerable evidence to the contrary. There is no such thing as word spurt, and two-year-olds are not learning anywhere near five words per day. (Paul Bloom, Myths of Word Learning. Weavin g a Lexicon, ed. by D. Geoffrey Hall and Sandra R. Waxman. MIT Press, 2004) Language Acquisition: Grammar and Lexicon In a review of findings from language development, language breakdown and real-time processing, we conclude that the case for a modular distinction between grammar and the lexicon has been overstated, and that the evidence to date is compatible with a unified lexicalist account. Studies of normal children show that the emergence of grammar is highly dependent upon vocabulary size, a finding confirmed and extended in atypical populations. Studies of language breakdown in older children and adults provide no evidence for a modular dissociation between grammar and the lexicon; some structures are especially vulnerable to brain damage (e.g., function words, non-canonical word orders), but this vulnerability is also observed in neurologically intact individuals under perceptual degradation or cognitive overload. Finally, online studies provide evidence for early and intricate interactions between lexical and grammatical information in normal adults. (Elizabeth Bates and Judith C. Goodman, On the Inseparability of Grammar and the Lexicon: Evidence from Acquisition, Aphasia and Real-time Processing. Language and Cognitive Processes. The Chronicles of Higher Education. December 1997) Acquisition of the lexicon and acquisition of the grammar are ... parts of a single underlying process. (Jesse Snedeker and Lila R. Gleitman, Why It Is Hard to Label Our Concepts. Weaving a Lexicon, ed. by D. Geoffrey Hall and Sandra R. Waxman. MIT Press, 2004)

Social Class systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social Class systems - Essay Example Studies conducted show that forty two percent of men born in the bottom five social classes stay that way when they become adults. To add to the figures, just eight percent of Americans born at the bottom, rise to the top. From this figures it is safe to argue that contrary to popular belief, America is in fact a caste social system. There are various reasons for this argument, the first being that the country has a thin safety net to cushion children from poverty, therefore less class mobility. We find that in most poor children are raised by single parents, a factor which increases poverty levels. This is compounded, by racial discrimination which leaves most people of color, especially African Americans vulnerable and poor, compared to the other races. The second reason is that in our society, education is enables one to get a higher salary. This leaves people from poor families at a disadvantage because upper income parents invest more in their children’s education to increase their chances of success in life. The children of the high income earners go to the best schools and are prepared to learn. It is safe to argue that most people at the top are there due to their backgrounds, more than merit. Ours is therefore a system of the poor remaining poor and the other way round. The kind of education you get how the police treat you and even who you get married to, is largely influenced by your social

Quality Management principals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quality Management principals - Essay Example The backbone of an organization is its clients or customers because of the mutual independence and this forces the organization to strive to meet and exceed the customer expectations. Customers will stick to an organization that upgrade its services and develops new products that are genuine. A leader should always ensure that there is unity and purpose for the internal environment of the organization that he or she guides. Leaders must be people whose intelligence quotient is very steady and high in order to make wise decisions. This means that a leader should clear visualize the mission and vision of the organization in the future (Robbins & Coulter, 2012). Leaders should develop a participative environment through the formation of partnerships. Other important principles that a leader should consider are encouraging innovation, change and operating in a secure environment. Individuals at all points are the core of the firm and their proper participation makes their ideas to be an important factor for the firm’s benefits. Workers will also perform perfectly in their areas of specialization when the appropriate work tools are available. Goals set for the employees must be realistic and empowerment of the various cultures of employees should be empowered and this will facilitate the idea of group work (Robbins & Coulter, 2012). Processes in an organization should satisfy customer needs. If they don’t then they are not the required processes. Processes are always flowing and focus on creating the appropriate methods for converting products into finished goods and services. Effectiveness and efficiency of an organization is done through identifying, understanding, and managing a system of interrelated process to a given objective. Since a system is identifying all interrelated processes and their interdependence then they should be properly managed. There are three factors to consider in order for

Southwest Airlines research paper Essay Example for Free

Southwest Airlines research paper Essay Southwest Airlines, since the beginning has struggle and fight to get in the airline business. Starting with Dallas, Texas. Southwest had to fight to stay at Love field airport, when all the airlines moved to the new Airport of Dallas-Fort worth International airport. Winning this battle gave Southwest the opportunity to get all the customers they wanted, from the near downtown airport, instead of driving 15 miles for the new airport, pay for expensive parking and having to arrive one hour earlier. However the other airlines did not like it, like American Airlines and Braniff International. They would have to pay higher fees for use of the new airport and Southwest Airline did not. The other great battle was when Southwest applied to fly from Houston to New Orleans, the application of Southwest Airlines was opposed by local government and by the airlines that flew that route and were operating from the new airport of Dallas-Fort worth, DFW, they felt this could divert customer that could change flying from Houston better than DFW . Jim Wright who was Forth Worth Congressmen was ask by Southwest opponents to help, and as he was a majority of the U. S. House of Representatives, Wright took it to Washington and a new law emerged. The Wright Amendment of 1979 said that â€Å"No airline may provide nonstop or through-plane service from Dallas Love Field to any city in any state except for location in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma and New Mexico. † (Thompson, A Gamble, J. (2010). Southwest could only advertise flights out of Dallas Love Field to these five states. The Wright Amendment continue for 18 years, then in 1997 three more states were added to the â€Å"Wright Zone† Alabama, Mississippi and Kansas , and in 2005 Missouri. On 2006 Congress legislation was passed and signed into law that repealed the Wright Amendment beginning in 2014. â€Å"The legal regulatory and competitive battles that Southwest fought in its early years produced a strong esprit de corps among Southwest personnel and a drive to survive and proper despite the odds. † â€Å"They have the warrior mentality, they are here in the airline business to stay and will fight for their share of the market†. (Thompson, A Gamble, J. (2010) The idea of having ticketless help the airline to saved money on paper and accounting for all these tickets. And the idea came from one of the employees. Southwest Airlines places their employees before the customers, this idea has given Southwest Airlines and advantage in customer service that other airlines do not have. In this company the employees feel free to come with ideas and implemented them, if the ideas do not work they will not be reprimand or fired, the failure will be used as example and experience. That gives the employees empowerment and the courage to keep looking for new ideas to improve the service and the company. Herb Kelleher has been an important figure in the culture of Southwest Airlines, with his background; majored in philosophy and law graduating with honors on both. Herb, as everybody called him in Southwest Airlines has given this company a unique culture, where the employees sing and dance with the customers and they give friendship and love more than just customer service. This style has worked for more than 40 years, the airline is love by their customer, who do not really care that there is no first class or preferred seating. They just want the good service and to be transported from point to point safe, on time and with a better price. Even their stock name reflects love. NYSE LUV is Southwest financial name. (Thompson, A Gamble, J. (2010) Southwest Strategic planning for the future, and buying fuel in advance for their planes, gave them the opportunity to save millions of dollars. Southwest was the first airline to negotiate these prices with the oil companies. Southwest Airlines has its own school for flight attendants and training for employees, there is no other University that can train them with the special Southwest Airline Culture. Other airlines have the training schools too, what happen is that the culture is different. Other airlines like United trained the flight attendants for First Class and Business class, besides economy, their training takes longer and their uniforms are more expensive. Southwest uniforms are less expensive and they only have one class, economy. Their flight attendants are also trained to clean the plane on turn around. Other airlines have a cleaning crew that gets into the plane and clean it while the flight attendants are resting; however some airlines have adopted this plan since 9/11. This has saved Southwest salaries on each city for cleaning. Only on cities that the planes stay overnight they have a special cleaning crew that gives the plane a complete service. (Thompson, A Gamble, J. (2010) The idea of having only one type of equipment has given great savings, comparing with other airlines that have different aircrafts and need mechanics specialized on each different aircraft and to have different kinds of plane pieces of maintenance according to each plane. Southwest has all his mechanics highly trained for only one kind of aircraft and the maintenance inventory of their pieces for maintenance in their planes are all the same and this means that they do not need millions of dollars in equipment and train mechanics for each different type of aircraft. After 9/11, Southwest shines like a start as the only airline that do not lose money in 2001 or 2002 and the only airline that did not furlough any of its employees during this time that the rest of the airlines furlough about 500,000 employees among them. It was here when all the eyes of the analyst look at Southwest as the marvelous company that has been doing the right thing all the time, and that was prepared with enough cash, for any eventuality. Southwest Airlines is name in every management book as example of how to conduct an airline and what strategy they have to hold their employees and have very low turn around. Strategy which gives their passengers what they want, and also the strategy has made Southwest a profitable airline since 1973. (Thompson, A Gamble, J. (2010) Company Mission Southwest Airline’s Mission, Vision and Triple Bottom Line Commitment to Performance, People and Planet. (See Exhibit 1) â€Å"Southwest Mission is dedication to the highest quality of Customer Service delivered with a sense of warmth, friendliness, individual pride and Company Spirit† (Southwest Airlines). For Southwest Airlines the employees come first and customer second. By having employees satisfied with their job, and treated like family, they will be able to give the best customer service with warmth, friendliness and keep all customer satisfied too. The airline has pursued low fares to make affordable travel to a majority of middle class customers. By charging low fares, and no charging extra fees on baggage, and changing tickets, the customers know exactly what they are paying without paying any extra charges. Southwest serves 72 airports in 37 states and transports 89. Million passengers annually. Southwest had a revenue of $89. 08 billion from November 2012 to November 2013. (Bureau of Transportation Statistics) Internal/External Analysis Strengths  Southwest Airlines firm operating strategy has given profit for 40 years, flying from point to point instead of having a â€Å"hub† like other airlines do, has given Southwest the opportunity to utilized their hours flying for each plane more than others. With their 20 minutes turn over on each point, the airline has on the air their planes most of the time. This capacity utilization makes their cost down and has a competitive advantage over other airlines whose turnaround times were more than 30 minutes. Their bargaining power with suppliers like fuel prices paying in advance and saving millions of dollars over other airlines. Their labor efficiency and pay scales. By training their employees to perform the best and guarantee them good pay and becoming more important than customers, Southwest has economized in having fewer employees per aircraft than other airlines. Employees have in average the same salary as other airlines, employees get profit sharing plan, however they work more. In economies el scale, Southwest Airlines operates only jets Boing 737-300 with 173 planes, Boeing 737-700 with 343 and Boing 737-500 with 25 planes. Having the same kind of planes they operated with very low cost. Widespread Reach: As of the end of 2011, the company serviced 72 cities in 37 states, stretching across the entire United States, and their AirTran acquisition now extends their reach into international skies, mostly over Mexico and the Caribbean islands. Southwest announce 15 more nonstop services from Dallas Love field Airport. Online systems and software, Southwest Airlines invested in next-generation technology and software to improve its ticketless system and its back-office accounting, payroll and human resource information. Previously they have invested in its management information systems to speed data flows and upgrade its customer capabilities. In 2001 implemented new software to generate optimal crew schedules it help improve on-time performance and reduce employees in the schedule department. Southwest operating cost had been lowers than other airlines. (Thompson, A.p. C-294. 2012). Successful differentiation from other airlines is their employees culture, which is transmitted to the customers, employees give a warmth customer service, normally calling the passengers by their first name, singing and hugging and kissing. No other airline does this. †(Guenette, R. November 13, 2013) By giving the same product at a better price than other more expensive airlines, Southwest Airlines has been able to have a larger share of the market. Southwest has a reputable brand with excellent record of safety, this is a major advantage. For the first Quarter of 2013, Southwest reported earnings and revenue that exceeded Wall Street expectations (EPS: $0. 07 per share, Revenue: $4. 08 billion vs. EPS: $0. 02 per share, Revenue: 4. 07 billion). Additionally, average passenger revenue per available seat mile rose 1. 8% along with an increase in passenger traffic by 0. 3%. Keeping the strong numbers in mind from the last quarter, analysts are optimistic about Q2 2013 earnings ($0. 39 a share, up from $0. 36 during Q2 2012). (Ing, S. July 24, 2013). Weaknesses Operating Expenses: The average cost per gallon of fuel from 2005 to 2011 grew 182.  30%, the consumer is constantly demanding added services and amenities to their flights, and the unions are viscously battling for more money for their members; at the end of the day the company does not have much money left over (net profit margin is 1. 14%). Debt: The Company is estimated to possess $361 million of debt on their balance sheet, and until they pay down these debts it will drag significantly on their business. Depending on only one company as supplier for their planes can be a problem if the supplier fails or stop their production. Although Boeing is a robust company, changes can affect Southwest Airlines. The economy, even though Southwest is a low cost airline, until the economy continues low, people cannot fly unless is business or emergency. Achieving sustainable competitive advantage for Southwest is becoming harder as operating costs are going up and the company has a low net profit margin. (Guenette, R. November 13, 2013) Opportunities The industry attractiveness is a strength and an opportunity for Southwest Airlines, the only major airline that do not charge for baggage, many customer look into this as they are also attracted for the price the service, safety and excellent rate on time performance. As a complementary strategy function, Southwest Airlines acquisition of Air Tran gives them the option to fly international for the first time. This acquisition strategy strengthens competitiveness for Southwest Airlines, and gives the opportunity to enter into international markets. Customers that look at how the companies treat their customers and employees, Southwest Airlines have won awards every year for customer satisfaction and by putting their employees first and second their customers. Other airlines that treat the employees as if they were only a number are losing money every year. Example American, United Airlines and Delta Airlines. (Thompson, A Gamble, J. (2010) Threats. The culture establish by Herb Kelleher may not be followed by Gary Kelly and Southwest Executives. Another airlines that are following the pattern of Southwest Airlines, like Jet Blue and Allegiant could get a better share of the Market The airline industry is incredibly competitive, and the race to get the consumer’s business often leads to margin contraction Weather Uncertainty: As we have seen most recently with snow storms in the North east, natural disasters can cause major losses in business for the airlines, and because Mother Nature is so unpredictable, there is always major uncertainty revolving around the company When jet fuel prices rise, airline companies are faced with the decision of passing the pain onto their customers and possibly losing business, or swallowing the costs and ruining their margins The company operates mainly in the United States of America, and thus any economic slowdown exclusive to the American economy could drastically hurt Southwest’s business, while other international companies possess the ability to overcome American decline economy if internationally the economy is better. Goals and Long-term Objectives The analysis shows that Southwest Airlines should seek International market share to gain access to new customers and to spread business risk across a wider market area. Actually Southwest is solely business is within the United States, with the acquisition of Air Tran which was already flying to Mexico, and the Caribbean, Southwest Airlines attempt to fly international is one of the goals and long term objectives. The company has measures their steps into new markets after studying the market and the possibilities, Southwest Airlines will do the same with flight to international markets. Air Tran is already flying to Cancun in Mexico and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean, soon other cities could be added, like Acapulco and Puerto Vallarta in Mexico and other Islands in the Caribbean. Southwest Airlines should not follow an aggressive strategy as the economy is not strong enough. It should continue marketing in the cities where these flights are going to depart from the United States and on their international destination. Southwest Strategy of acquisition has saved the company of all the expenses and complex structure to work in a foreign market. All these procedures and permits and agreements with international governments and the IATA. (International Air Transport Association) are already done by Air Tran. Strategy Selection Southwest Airlines should use the â€Å"Think Global act Global Strategy†, as an International Airline. Southwest Airlines has a brand that is recognized International mainly by the way this company has performed during its 40 years since they start flying. Customers around the world know about their code of ethic, their mission and the way they have run the company by employees first then customers, their safety record and on time performance, and very important their low cost. Should also continue with the Ethical and Cultural Strategy that has been core of the company culture. As the social Responsibility and Corporate Citizenship Strategy. The company Social Responsibility Strategy has been example to many companies not only in the United States, but in other countries too. . (Thompson, A Gamble, J. (2010) Southwest action to enhance employees well-being, by treat them like family and putting their employees first, even before its customers, has given them the merit of recognition of one of the best companies to work for. The company has an ethical strategy and operates honorably and ethically, this was clear when Southwest Airlines was the only Airlines after 9/11 crisis, that did not furlough any of its employees. The airline showed with this example the ethic and honorability which has been their Strategy since the beginning of the company 40 years ago. (Thompson, A Gamble, J. (2010). Southwest Airlines supports several charitable causes, participates in community service activities and contributes to the overall betterment of society. (Thompson, A Gamble, J. (2010) Southwest should continue with these Strategies, as they have shown how well they work for the company, their employees, their customers and their community. These Strategies of Social responsibility and the Strategies stated before about the Vision, Mission, objectives and basic competitive Strategies. Southwest as a low-cost carrier has seen its cost base edge up over the years as it has matured and gained in scale. In response Southwest has modified its business model and has started to fly from crowded markets, such as New York’s LaGuardia . The 2011 Air Tran acquisition, the biggest in Southwest history, has accelerated the process of expansion, and has given the company a larger share in the Atlanta domestic market, and also the international destinations in the Caribbean and Mexico. (Sing, C. 2013) Recommendations/Implementation The above analysis shows that the best recommendation for Southwest is to continue opening new routes in Mexico and the Caribbean. Having already open the door with Air Tram to Cancun, it is feasible that the same permits can be used to fly to the same country. The two destinations we suggest are Acapulco and Puerto Vallarta, following with Los Cabo’s after one year. All these three cities have facilities and International Airports. The affluent of Tourists to these cities is year round. Southwest Airlines could fly these routes with 2 aircrafts. The Company has a contract with Boing for 25 planes during the next 10 years. (Southwest Airlines One Report (February 3, 2013) The persons in charge of this venture will have to be trained to handle international law and all the complex regulations that an airline has to comply, however among the employees of Air Tran; there must be the experience person or persons, needed to handle the opening of the new route. The hiring of ground personnel at the airport of the new destinations, have to be done locally, and the operation manager can be an American. Mexican Immigration Law requires that employees should be of Mexican Nationality, However the Manager can be an American with a job permit up to 2 years (Mexican Immigration Law). Marketing for these two new destinations has to be done principally on the cities that fly nonstop to the new destination. Marketing has to be done also at the new destination, to gain international market share for the airline. The company has the sufficient funds to open these two cities and start operations by next year 2015. (Annex 3) The Company has already a reservations office established and all the ground support for the International service from Air Tran.